Quantity: | 10 boxes (3.0 cubic ft.) |
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Access: | Open to research |
Acquisition: | Gift of Mrs. Margaret Doane (Gardiner) Fayerweather, 1947, with subsequent accretions in 1952 and 1958 |
Processed By: | Regina Berry, Student Assistant, State University of New York at Albany for Manuscripts & Special Collections, March 2015 |
James Terry Gardiner (May 6, 1842-September 10, 1912) was a surveyor, engineer, public health pioneer, and director of the New York State Survey. Mount Gardiner in Kings Canyon National Park was named in his honor by the California Geological Survey. (The family name historically had been spelled with an "i" until his grandfather, George, dropped the "i." James returned to the original spelling in his middle years.)
Born in Troy, N.Y., James was the second son of Daniel Gardner (1799-1863), a lawyer, and Ann Terry Gardner (1814-1883). As a boy he spent much time in Hartford, Conn., with his mother's father, Judge Seth Terry (1781-1865). It was there, while attending the prestigious Hartford High School, he met Clarence King, his good friend and future partner. He attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1861, studying engineering, then, along with King, studied at the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale. After unhappily trying out Columbia Law School with his brother Eugene in 1863, he was persuaded to join King on a journey by horseback across the country to California. In San Francisco, he and King joined the United States Engineer Corps, where they made topographical surveys of Black Point and Angel Island in San Francisco Harbor. In 1864 he became the topographer of the State Geological Survey of California under Professor J. D. Whitney, and assisted in the survey of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In September 1864, following the designation, by President Abraham Lincoln, of the Yosemite Valley area as a permanent public reserve, King and Gardiner were hired to make a boundary survey around the rim of Yosemite Valley, followed by exploration and mapping of northern Arizona and the Sierra Nevada Mountains in 1865-1866.
In 1867 King secured funding from Congress for the U.S. Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel, commonly known as the Fortieth Parallel Survey. King appointed Gardiner chief topographer. Over the next six years King, Gardiner and their team explored areas from eastern California to Wyoming. In 1872 Gardiner joined the Hayden Survey as chief topographer of "The United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories," established by an act of Congress. He was elected general secretary of the American Geographical Society in 1875. After returning to New York he was appointed director of the State Survey of New York in 1876.
From 1880 to 1886 he was also a member of the New York State board of health and was instrumental in establishing proper sewage systems throughout the state. Meanwhile he became involved in the mining industry, writing a report on coal and iron in Colorado in 1875; serving as vice president of the coal companies belonging to the; and becoming president of the Mexican Coke and Coal Company in 1899.
Gardiner married Josephine Rogers (ca. 1849-1872) of Oakland, California, in 1868 and they had one child, Florence (Hall) (1870-1956). Josephine died two years later and, in 1881, he married Eliza Greene Doane (1854-1912) of Albany, New York, daughter of William Croswell Doane, bishop of the Albany Episcopal diocese. The couple had five children: Mary Spring (Frazier) (1882-1920); Margaret Doane (Fayerweather) (1883-1958); Doane (1885-1933); Anne Terry (Pier) (1887-1982); and Elizabeth Greene Gardiner (1890-1987).
With his father-in-law, Bishop Doane, Gardinier established the community of Northeast Harbor on Cadillac Island (Mount Desert Island in Maine. He built a large summer home there in 1883 and named it Ye Haven. It still stands today and is known as The Haven. He started a water company, and engineered roads and public utilities. He died in Maine on September 10, 1912, aged 70, about six weeks after the death of his wife.
The James Terry Gardiner papers include genealogical material, correspondence, photographs, business papers, notebooks, maps and architectural drawings by Gardiner and his family. A majority of the collection relates to Gardiner's activities in the western territories in the 1860s and 1870s. The family papers relate to Gardiner's grandfather, Judge Seth Terry (1781-1865); his grandmother, Ann Grew Terry (1786-1835); his father Daniel Gardner (1799-1863); his mother, Anne Terry Gardner (1814-1883); and his second wife, Eliza Greene Doane Gardiner (1854-1912). Some material is related to his grandfather, George Gardner (1766-1840) and his maternal uncle, Seth Hall Terry (1818-1884).
The papers of James Terry Gardiner cover his early career as a surveyor for the United States Department of the Interior in the U.S. West and as the director of the New York State Survey. Included in these papers are maps of areas surveyed by Gardiner, photographs of areas in and around Yosemite Park, which was surveyed by Gardiner, and photographs of Gardiner himself. Gardiner's correspondence relates to his survey work, but contains significant amounts of personal material as well, particularly in the letters exchanged with his mother.
Some highlights of this richly detailed collection are:
For more information on James Terry Gardiner's later career in the State of New York as director of the State Survey and his service on the State Board of Health, covering the years 1876 to 1886, see collection SC7027, also called the James Terry Gardiner Papers.
This collection was originally donated by the daughter of James Terry Gardiner, Margaret Doane Gardiner (Mrs. Charles) Fayerweather (1883-1958), in 1947 as part of the William Croswell Doane Papers (SC11835). In March 2015, it was made into a separate collection. Documents from a single accession (11007), donated by James T. Gardiner's heirs in 1938, were added to the collection in June, 2015.
See the Doane Family Papers (SC11835) for related family materials. Also, see the James Terry Gardiner Papers (SC7027) for material relating to Gardiner in his capacity as director of the New York State Survey from 1876 to 1886 and as a member of the New York State Board of Health from 1880 to 1886.
Box | Folder | Description |
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Genealogical Information and Background | ||
1 | 1 | Letters of Mrs. Charles S. Fayerweather (Margaret Doane Gardiner), regarding the letters of James T. Gardiner and her efforts to gather, edit and publish them, 1926-1927. (16 items) |
1 | 2 | Notes on James T. Gardiner's genealogy and chronology by Mrs. Fayerweather, undated. (37 pages) |
1 | 3 | Personal record and chronology of James T. Gardiner, prepared and written by himself, ca. 1876-1877, undated. (3 items) |
Correspondence: Letters by James T. Gardiner | ||
1 | 4 | James T. Gardiner letters to his father, mother, and aunt, 1857-1860. (21 letters) |
1 | 5 | James T. Gardiner letters to his mother, Anne Terry Gardner, 1861-1862 (many with transcription) (24 letters) |
1 | 6 | James T. Gardiner letters to Anne Terry Gardner and his uncle, probably Seth H. Terry, 1863 (one with transcription) (16 letters) |
1 | 7 | James T. Gardiner letters to Anne Terry Gardner from San Francisco, [Calif.], 1864 (many with transcription) (12 letters) |
1 | 8 | James T. Gardiner letters to Anne Terry Gardner enclosing extracts from his journal. They were written from Yale until May when he sailed for California to join the U.S. Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. These letters include many descriptive passages on California and the Sierra Nevada mountain range. 1867 (many with transcription) (24 letters) |
1 | 9 | James T. Gardiner letters to Anne Terry Gardner and to his first wife, Josephine Rogers; also one draft letter to J[acob] D[olson] Cox. Most letters written from Salt Lake City [Utah], 1868-1870 (many with transcription) (9 letters) |
1 | 10 | James T. Gardiner letters to his mother, Anne Terry Gardner, from the Wyoming Territory, Denver, and the Colorado Rockies and one letter to [Frederick Law] Olmsted, December 3, 1873, discussing improvements to Washington, D.C., 1872-1873 (many with transcription) (12 letters) |
1 | 11 | James T. Gardiner letters to his mother, Anne Terry Gardner, beginning with June 1874 when he was in Washington, D.C. The rest were written while on the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. His September 17, 1875, letter includes, as an enclosure, the draft of James T. Gardiner's official report to Dr. F.V. Hayden on his surveying party's encounter with Indians, August 15 and 16, 1875. Also includes one draft letter to ___ Munger, May 4, 1875. 1874-1875 (many with transcription) (17 letters) |
1 | 12 | James T. Gardiner letters, 1876-1879. (12 letters):
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1 | 13 | James T. Gardiner letters, 1880-1896. (16 letters):
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Correspondence: Letters to James T. Gardiner | ||
1 | 14 | Anne Terry Gardner to James T. Gardiner, 1857, 1859. (22 letters) |
1 | 15 | Anne Terry Gardner to James T. Gardiner, 1860. (27 letters) |
1 | 16 | Anne Terry Gardner to James T. Gardiner, 1861. (6 letters) |
1 | 17 | Anne Terry Gardner to James T. Gardiner, 1862-1863, 1868. (23 letters) |
1 | 18 | Letters to James T. Gardiner, from uncles, Arthur and Seth Terry; grandfather, Seth Terry; and friends, Dan P. Dewey and Clarence King. 1845-1859. (10 letters) |
1 | 19 | Letters to James T. Gardiner, from friends, D.P. Dewey, William. S. Kennedy, and Clarence King; Capt. George P. Balch of Army Ordnance; his Aunt Lizzie (Elizabeth Terry Clarke); his father, Daniel Gardner; his brother, Eugene Gardner; and his grandfather, Seth Terry. 1860-1862. (31 letters) |
2 | 1 | Transcriptions of letters from Clarence King to James T. Gardiner, 1859-1862, 1869. Original letters not included. (17 letters) |
2 | 2 | Letters to James T. Gardiner, 1869-1875. (17 letters):
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2 | 3 | Letters to James T. Gardiner, 1876-1885. (20 letters):
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2 | 4 | Note from Aunt Lizzie [Elizabeth Terry Clarke] to James T. Gardiner enclosing eight portions of Anne Terry Gardner's letters to her sister containing references to "Jamie," undated. (9 items) |
Writings of James Terry Gardinerz: Manuscripts and Drafts | ||
2 | 5 | Journal of James T. Gardiner, commenced February 5, 1857. It covers the period through August 13, 1857 and includes sketches and accounts and "Notes of Green Mountain Expedition," July 27-August 5, 1859, West Brattleboro, Vermont. (1 item) |
2 | 6 | Early writings of James T. Gardiner, 1856-ca. 1863, undated. (9 items):
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2 | 7 | Typed copy of "Adventures with the Geological Survey" by James T. Gardiner, transcribed by Margaret Doane Fayerweather. Original not included. (9 pages)
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2 | 8 | Notes on Sierra Nevada, 1866. (30 pages):
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2 | 9 | Reports on Elevations in the Rocky Mountains, undated.(5 items, 40 pages):
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2 | 10 | Hearing before the Committee on Public Lands, U.S. House of Representatives, May 1874. (6 items, 40 pages):
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2 | 11 | U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey Papers and Reports, undated. (6 items, 42 pages):
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2 | 12 | Notes on Western Surveying and Arizona Mapping, undated. (with partial transcription) (2 items, 6 pages) |
2 | 13 | Report on the Prospects of Mining Industry in Sonora, Mexico; in Southern Arizona; and in New Mexico, April 21, 1881. (1 item, 48 pages) |
2 | 14 | Addresses to New York Yale Alumni Association, 1882, undated. (2 items, 41 pages):
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Writings of James Terry Gardiner: Published | ||
2 | 15 | Published Reports by James T. Gardiner, 1875. (2 items, 44 pages):
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2 | 16 | Published Letters to Editors written by James T. Gardiner, 1879-1886. (7 items):
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Newspaper Clippings | ||
2 | 17 | Hayden Exposition's attack by Indians in August 1875. (2 items):
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2 | 18 | New York State Survey 1876; legislative action on appropriations for Survey 1877; and James T. Gardiner's resignation as director of the State Survey, 1885. (12 items) |
2 | 19 | Wedding of James T. Gardiner to Eliza Greene Doane, April 28, 1881. Fourteen clippings from assorted New York newspapers, also one copy of Marriage Hymn written by Bishop William Croswell Doane for the ceremony; congratulatory telegrams; invitation to the wedding. (19 items) |
2 | 20 | Subjects of interest to James T. Gardiner as director of State Survey and member of the State Board of Health: preservation of Niagara Falls; veto of State Board of Health appropriation; and the water supplies of Buffalo and Syracuse, 1881-1886. (7 items) |
2 | 21 | Deaths of friends of James T. Gardiner: Clarence King and Col. William B. Hyde, 1882, 1901. (7 items) |
2 | 22 | Deaths of Anne Terry Gardner and Eliza Greene Doane Gardiner, 1883, 1912. Newspaper clippings and tributes. (19 items) |
2 | 23 | Death of James T. Gardiner and obituary by Wm. Croswell Doane, 1912. (16 items) |
Miscellaneous Letters and Papers | ||
3 | 1 | Letters and papers referring to James T. Gardiner, 1875-1912. (8 items):
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3 | 2 | Published material relating to James T. Gardiner and his work, 1873-1929. (6 items):
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3 | 3 | Certificates: Ph.B. degree awarded to James T. Gardiner from Yale College, 1868; and Boston Society of Natural History acknowledging James T. Gardiner's election as corresponding member, April 1, 1874. (2 items) |
3 | 4 | Miscellaneous letters and papers, 1862-1878, undated. (30 items):
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Maps | ||
3 | 5 | Line of the Brooklyn Water Works, 1859, by Geo. Hayward, 171 Pearl St., New York. (1 item) |
3 | 6 |
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Photographs | ||
3 | 7 | James T. Gardiner, 1863, 1870s, undated. Four images and copies. (14 items) |
3 | 8 | James T. Gardiner, Denver [Colo.] 1873. Three images and copies. (17 items) |
3 | 9 | James T. Gardiner and colleagues on expedition, 1864, undated. (4 items):
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3 | 10 | Gardiner and Terry Family Photographs, ca. 1860, undated. (18 items):
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3 | 11 | Unidentified Family and Miscellaneous Images, undated. (8 items) |
3 | 12 | Prints of Yosemite Valley and surrounding peaks by Carleton E. Watkins, numbered and labeled with location, ca. 1861. (13 items)
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3 | 13 | Yosemite Valley Sketch and Map. (10 items):
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Terry Family Letters and Papers | ||
4 | 1 | Letters: Seth Terry to John Grew, brother of Ann Grew, and Mr. and Mrs. Grew, 1810-1819. (15 letters) |
4 | 2 | Letters: Seth Terry to Ann Grew Terry, 1810-1821. (30 items) |
4 | 3 | Letters to Seth Terry, 1812-1835. (27 letters):
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4 | 4 | Letters: Between Ann Grew Terry, Hartford, [Conn.], Mary Coltman Grew Boston, [Mass.] and friend Sarah Richardson, Dedham, [Mass.] 1812-1814, 1833 (8 letters) |
4 | 5 | Miscellaneous Papers and Letters of Seth Terry. (8 items):
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4 | 6 | Extracts, book of sayings compiled by Seth Terry and his wife, Ann Grew Terry, 1800-1857; presented to Anne T. Gardiner, October 10, 1864, approx. 100 pages. (1 item) |
Anne Terry Gardner Papers | ||
4 | 7 | Letters: Anne Terry Gardner, Hartford [Conn.] to Daniel Gardner, Troy [N.Y.] 1835-1845, (18 letters) |
4 | 8 | Letters: Anne Terry Gardner to Daniel Gardner, 1846-1861. (21 letters) |
4 | 9 | Letters: Anne Terry Gardner to brother-in-law, Rev. Walter Clarke, and to Wm. J. Palmer regarding railroad business deals, 1860-1875. (4 letters) |
4 | 10 | Letters to Anne Terry Gardner from mother, Ann Grew Terry, and grandmother, Mary Coltman Grew, 1826-1834, 1849, undated. (25 letters) |
5 | 1 | Letters to Anne Terry Gardner from father, Seth Terry, 1827-1840. (27 letters) |
5 | 2 | Letters to Anne Terry Gardner from father, Seth Terry, 1841-1862. (13 letters) |
5 | 3 | Letters to Anne Terry Gardner from Daniel Gardner; includes comments on politics, 1835-1856. (29 items) |
5 | 4 | Letters to Anne Terry Gardner, 1838-1881. (19 letters):
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5 | 5 | Poetry, Verses and Writings by Anne Terry Gardner, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1876, and undated, (16 items) |
5 | 6 | Miscellaneous writings belonging to Anne Terry Gardner, undated. (5 items) |
5 | 7 | Journals of Anne Terry Gardner, 1826-1867. (3 items):
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5 | 8 | Steele's Book of Niagara Falls, 9th edition, Buffalo: Oliver G. Steele, 1846, 95 pages, belonging to Anne Terry Gardner. (1 item) |
Gardner Family Letters and Papers | ||
5 | 9 | Letters to Daniel Gardner, Troy, [N.Y.], 1835-1854. (10 letters):
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5 | 10 | Miscellaneous Letters and Papers of Daniel Gardner, 1817-1862, undated. (9 items):
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5 | 11 | Bound book entitled "Lafayette," 1834-1835. (1 item, 110 pages):
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5 | 12 | Miscellaneous Papers, Notes and Newspaper Clippings of Daniel Gardner, with 1 interpretive note on Daniel Gardner by his granddaughter, Mrs. Charles S. Fayerweather. (20 items) |
Eliza Greene Doane Gardiner and Doane Material | ||
5 | 13 | Letters and Notices to Eliza G.D. Gardiner, 1869, 1895, 1900, undated. (7 items) Included:
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5 | 14 | Transcriptions of letters from Eliza G.D. Gardiner to James T. Gardiner, while on a trip to Italy with daughter Margaret, February 12-June 3, 1905. Original letters not included. (12 letters) |
5 | 15 | Poems and drafts by EGDG, undated. (86 pages) |
5 | 16 | Miscellaneous Doane Family Material, undated. (45 items):
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Early Papers of George Gardner, Daniel Gardner and Seth H. Terry (Documents from single accession 11007) | ||
5a | 1 | George Gardner and Daniel Gardner Land Papers for transactions in Petersburgh, N.Y., 1793-1845. (12 items) |
5a | 2 | Deeds and Land Papers for Illinois Territory bounty land purchased by George and Daniel Gardner, 1818-1864. (11 items) |
5a | 3 | Deeds and Land Papers for Troy, N.Y., properties purchased by Daniel Gardner, 1826-1863. (20 items) |
5a | 4 | Correspondence of Daniel Hall, Troy, N.Y., and William Jacques, New York, N.Y., regarding real estate transactions in Troy, 1825-1851. (5 items) |
5a | 5 | Correspondence of Daniel Gardner, regarding various property transactions, 1836-1861. (15 items) |
5a | 6 | Correspondence of Henry Robbins, Troy, N.Y., to Daniel Gardner, regarding property transactions, March-June, 1863. (15 items) |
5a | 7 | Correspondence to Seth H. Terry from family and other authors, some regarding property transactions, 1863-1864. (19 items) |
EL | 1 |
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Large Items | ||
6 | 1 | Daniel Gardner's degree and licenses: Union College diploma, 1817; four attorney licenses from 1820, 1823, and 1827. (5 items) |
6 | 2 | Engravings. (2 items):
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6 | 3 | Western Photographs. (11 items):
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6 | 4 | Photograph from Professor F.V. Hayden's U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, by William H. Jackson, ca. 1871. "Our Trail in West Galatin Cañon. 487." (1 item) |
6 | 5 | Photograph from Professor F.V. Hayden's U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, by William H. Jackson, ca. 1871. "176. The Riding Animals." (1 item) |
6 | 6 | Photograph from Professor F.V. Hayden's U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, by William H. Jackson, ca. 1871. "217. Gardiners River Hot Springs. Diana's Baths." (1 item) |
6 | 7 | Photograph from Professor F.V. Hayden's U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, by William H. Jackson, ca. 1871. Untitled. (1 item) |
7 | Family scrapbook of Anne Terry Gardner: containing Terry and Grew family genealogies; clippings and obituaries of family members; letters of Seth Terry to Anne Terry Gardner; Gardner and Grew genealogies; papers of Daniel Gardner; Coltman papers and letters; Anne Terry Gardner's remembrances of children; dried flowers and mementoes; clippings regarding Rev. Walter Clarke; a 1776 letter from Eliphalet Terry to his wife, Mary Grew Terry; sampler by Eliza Greene; silhouette portraits of Louisa Gardner and Anne Grew Terry. (1 item; 25 x 30 cm, 152 pages) |
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8 | Scrapbook on James T. Gardiner: containing newspaper clippings on the Terry family; four letters by James T. Gardiner, 1849-1851, 1864; newspaper clippings on the U.S. Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel, U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey, New York State Survey, New York State Board of Health, the preservation of Niagara Falls, the Gardiner-Doane wedding, and James T. Gardiner's resignation as director of the State Survey, transcriptions of poems possibly by Clarence King. (1 item; 27 x 34 cm, 150 pages-about half blank, some loose clippings included) | |
9 | Scrapbook begun by Anne Terry Gardner in April 1883 and continued after her death (May 19, 1883): containing clippings of family and friends' deaths and family news; clippings relating to Wendell Phillips, his death, and the death of his wife; clippings relating to the business of James T. Gardiner: State Survey, State Board of Health, and Niagara Reservation; clippings regarding legal cases of Eugene T. Gardner; fragment of Gardner family silk. (1 item; 19 x 25 cm, 84 pages, some loose clippings included) | |
EL | 2 | Broadsheet newspapers, some with reports on the Hayden Expedition and Indian fight, 1873, 1875. (5 items):
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