New York State Library

Free Direct Access

Overview

Free direct access requires all public libraries within a system to loan their materials to a library card holder from any other library within that system. This policy, in accordance with Commissioner’s Regulations §90.3, is aimed at ensuring the broadest possible access to information by all New Yorkers, regardless of circumstance.

All public library systems are required to have a Plan of Service. This document outlines the library system's services, goals, and priorities, and provides an overview of its service program. The Plan of Service highlights the library system's objectives and the communities it serves. It also explains how the system intends to fulfill its key roles and responsibilities. A key component of the Plan of Service is free direct access, which is required for all systems. The instructions and guidelines below will assist in developing this section of the Plan.

Instructions for Plan Approval

  • If there is an advisory group or committee (optional), the group or committee provides input. The group or committee may vote to approve plan (not required).
  • After the plan is developed, a simple majority of all member library boards in the system must approve the plan.
  • After the member library boards approve the plan, the system board must approve the plan. Approval dates must be included in the plan. The Free Direct Access Plan is not required for the New York Public Library, Brooklyn Public Library or Queens Borough Public Library.

Guidelines for Writing the Plan

Describe the planning process for the Free Direct Access Plan using the elements listed below. The free direct access plan is a required portion of the Public Library System’s Plan of Service.

1. Describe how all individuals residing within the boundaries of the system, but outside a member public library’s chartered service area will receive library services.

Describe the methods the system will use to assure that all persons living within the system boundaries, including those jurisdictions with a population over 10,000 that do not contract for library services or have their own library, will be served. No distinction in the provision of library service can be made by either the system or the central or co-central library concerning the over/under 10,000 population provisions of this regulation. (See §90.3(d)(2) and (d)(4) for central and co-central library obligations).

Free on-site use of the total resources of the system by all individuals residing within the boundaries of the system is required. Included in free on-site use is the use of computers and access to the Internet. Preference for such service may be given to local residents.

Neither the system nor member libraries may charge individuals for library cards.

2. Describe how the system will assure that those persons living within the system boundaries in an area where a member library chooses to withdraw from the system, or where a chartered and registered library was never a member of the system, will be served by the system.

If a member library withdraws from the system, the system will not be subject to any loss of state aid so long as the residents of the area encompassed by the withdrawing library receive library services from the system. (See Education Law §272 (1)(c) for more information.) (Based on Commissioner’s Regulation §90.3(d)(2) and (d)(4) central and co-central library must provide services.)

3. Describe what the system considers "serious inequities and hardships" and the criteria used by the system to make the determination.

In describing what the system considers "serious inequities and hardships", the system may include the economic impact on the individual libraries. In determining the economic impact on individual libraries, measurements such as the number and proportion of non-resident borrowers, or number and proportion of loans to non-residents and the number of unreturned items loaned to non-residents may be considered.

4. Describe what constitutes excessive out of chartered service area borrowing in the system.

Excessive borrowing, while varying from system to system, must be defined in a reasonable manner based on the local system’s circulation patterns.

5. Analyze the library resources available to unserved and underserved population residing within the system’s boundaries. Such analysis should include, but should not be limited to:

a. Describe the unserved and the underserved populations within the system.

An analysis of the library system must be made. The analysis should include, but not necessarily be limited to, a list of the unserved and a description of the underserved populations within the system.

b. Describe any deficiencies in library resources currently available to individuals residing within the system's boundaries.

The system must provide an explanation of the criteria used by the system to identify libraries as having an inadequate level of local income to support the delivery of acceptable library services.

c. Describe the actions the system will take to expand the availability of library services to unserved and underserved individuals residing within the boundaries of the system.

The system, working with member libraries, should contact and negotiate with municipalities to either create or contract for library services where none exists and help to strengthen the support of those libraries with inadequate levels of local support. A summary of these actions should be included in this plan. In cases where the system and member libraries have made repeated and documented unsuccessful attempts to negotiate with municipalities to either create or contract for library services, hardship waivers as described in guideline 6 (b)(i) will be considered.

d. Provide a timetable for such actions.

A reasonable timetable for taking action must be provided.

e. Identify who will be responsible for carrying out these actions.

Assignment of responsibilities for taking actions on expanding the availability of library services to the unserved and underserved in the system must be provided.

6. Describe the conditions under which modifications to the free direct access plan can be made without the prior approval of the Commissioner of Education AND with the prior approval of the Commissioner of Education.

Certain modifications to the plan for unrestricted direct access may be made with the approval of the majority of member libraries and without prior approval from the Commissioner of Education. The plan must describe the conditions under which such modifications will be implemented. These restrictions may include:

  • Not supplying library services to jurisdictions with a population of over 10,000 that do not contract for library services or have their own library. Central or co-central libraries cannot impose this restriction.
  • Placing restrictions upon the loan of library resources. These restrictions are limited to non-print materials and equipment and printed materials, less than one year from the acquisition date, purchased with local funds. Libraries must certify to the system that they are able to identify what materials are being purchased with various funding sources in order to determine what materials may be restricted.
  • Placing restrictions upon attendance at library programs. Such programs must be supported entirely with local funds.

Certain additional modifications to the plan for unrestricted direct access may be made for individual libraries with the approval of the majority of member libraries and with prior approval from the Commissioner of Education. Such requests will be submitted in writing by the system board of trustees. The system board will not unnecessarily delay the submission of a member request for additional restrictions once the member libraries have approved the request to go forward. They will include, but not be limited to:

  • Documentation of the serious inequities and hardships affecting the resident borrowers of the member library making the request. (For example, if an unserved community defeats a library proposition or terminates a contract for library services, the system may request a hardship waiver from the Commissioner on behalf of the affected library.)
  • The proposed modifications that will be implemented. No modifications will be considered if they include charging for library services.
  • A description of the anticipated impact on resident and non-resident borrowers after modifications are approved and implemented. Restrictions apply only for member libraries. The system may not impose restrictions. The system is expected to continue to serve those populations from areas where approved member library restrictions have been imposed.
  • A time frame for the beginning and end of such a modification. Modifications for restrictions will be approved for a certain period of time. Renewals must be made on a timely basis.
  • System recommendations for remedying the underlying inequity with a proposed timetable for action.

7. Describe how the system will assure that member libraries are complying with the system free direct access plan approved by a majority of member libraries. Describe how the system obtained member library input to the plan for free direct access.

The system plan of service, of which the plan for free direct access is a part, is a contract between the State Education Department and the system that allows the system to obtain state aid. As a condition of system membership, the member libraries agree to comply with Commissioner’s Regulations. It is the system’s responsibility to assure member libraries are abiding by the terms of membership. Provide a description of the steps the system took to obtain member library input into the development and/or amendment of this portion of the system plan of service.

Additional Resources

NYS Laws and Regulations of the Commissioner of Education

The Division of Library Development maintains a comprehensive list of laws and regulations pertaining to libraries in New York State, including citations for free direct access.

Library System Plans of Service

As part of their Five-Year Plan of Service, public library systems must complete a Direct Access Plan.

Last Updated: March 17, 2025